The and U. Although they were not subjected to the extreme interrogations at Angel Island to which the Chinese were subjected, they could be excluded on the basis of extreme poverty which would make them "likely to become a public charge"; disease and chronic ill health, which would render them unable to work; and the subjective judgment that they might turn to prostitution to earn a living.
Moreover, the immigration law required that immigrants be able to prove they were literate in their own language. If they were not able to read a paragraph in their own language, they would be marked for deportation. Chekhov, a nephew of playwright Anton Chekhov, fled Moscow in , making his way across Europe before settling in England. The two men, who worked together closely for some three decades in Moscow, came to represent alternative visions of modern theater that have arguably shaped American drama performance for more than a half-century.
Stanislavsky's efforts to bring a character's inner life to center stage transformed our concept of stage presentation, opening the door to a new type of drama that relied less on dialogue and more on non-verbal acting. Chekhov, meanwhile, developed acting exercises that motivate performers to this day. Russian influences on American film, though heavily circumscribed by the decades of the Cold War, are not limited to the theatrical legacies of Balanchine, Stanislavsky, and Chekhov.
Soviet film director Sergei Eisenstein was famed for his editing techniques and use of montage sequences, an influence visible in such well-known scenes as the shower sequence in Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho. Today, Russian influences can be seen in animation and documentary films. Russian performers reshaped American culture because the boundary between "high" and "popular" culture was less tightly drawn than in Europe.
George Balanchine could choreograph for circus rings, Hollywood sound studios, and the Broadway stage even as he reinvented and reinvigorated classical dance. Adolph Bolm-who eventually helped to establish both the San Francisco and the Chicago ballet companies-drew fresh energy from American populist approaches to the arts; meanwhile, Serge Koussevitzky found nothing unusual in cultivating American composers and conductors from the deep recesses of the American countryside.
Some Russians—such as Balanchine, Koussevitzky, and actor Chekhov—became towering cultural figures as they visibly redefined various American performing art forms. Hundreds of other Russians who ended up on American shores exerted a much subtler and quieter influence through teaching. Over the past century, millions of young Americans have learned how to dance, skate, play music, and act from Russian emigres.
When considering Russian influence on American culture, it is important to remember that Russia, like the United States, is, and has long been, a diverse and multicultural society.
Among the group of great artistic figures whom Americans see as "Russians," there are Ukrainians, Georgians, and many other ethnic groups. Built in late , the Hindenburg Line—named by the British for the German commander in chief, Live TV. This Day In History. History Vault. World War II.
Sign Up. Westward Expansion. American Revolution. World War I. If using any of Russia Beyond's content, partly or in full, always provide an active hyperlink to the original material. This website uses cookies. Click here to find out more. How Russians flooded the U. Oct 08 Boris Egorov. While some Russian immigrants scared the U. Global Look Press. Getty Images. Library of Congress. Sergei Rachmaninov Getty Images.
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